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What is rental yield?
Rental yield is a key real estate metric that measures the return on investment (ROI) a property generates through rental income. It is usually expressed as a percentage of the property’s value or purchase price, helping investors evaluate how profitable a rental property is. A higher rental yield indicates better income-generating potential.
How Rental Yield Works
Rental yield shows how much income a property earns relative to its cost.
Basic Formula
Rental Yield = Annual Rental Income / Property Value × 100
- Annual Rental Income: Total rent earned in a year
- Property Value: Purchase price or current market value
Types of Rental Yield
Gross Rental Yield
- Calculated before deducting expenses
- Simple way to compare properties
Net Rental Yield
- Calculated after deducting costs such as:
- Maintenance
- Property tax
- Insurance
- Vacancy losses
Net yield gives a more realistic picture of actual returns.
Rental yield is an essential metric for evaluating the income potential of a real estate investment. By understanding how it works and what affects it, investors can make smarter decisions and build a steady income stream from property.
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Indian PropTech Market: The $100 Billion Real Estate Tech Boom
Like a ship anchored to a familiar port, and hesitant to venture into new waters, India’s real estate sector too has remained fixated on traditional or legacy modes of operations for far too long. It now sits on the cusp of dramatic technological change, thanks to the debilitating impact of COVID-19, accelerated digital adoption and changing consumer behaviour. The global pandemic has cracked open the industry’s pain points, forcing market leaders to step up tech adoption to levels not witnessed before. The transformation in the country’s real estate landscape due to the application of new best practices has not only made businesses unrecognisable from their former avatar but also contributed to building up efficiencies and scale. The stage is therefore set for the overall Indian real estate market to grow to $1 trillion by 2030, from $200 billion in 2021. Amidst the ongoing upheaval, proptech or property technology, a subset of the industry, has emerged. Market reports show that Indian PropTech startup firms garnered more than $3.2 billion in funding across 255 deals between 2009 and 2021, underlining the huge success of the nationwide startup ecosystem initiated in 2015. Not only has there been a rise in the number of PropTech startups – from two in 2016 it has skyrocketed to an impressive 1,400 in 2022 – but substantial funding has been secured for such ventures pointing to growing investor confidence. Customer focus on increasing convenience, smart city initiatives, and the growth of the rental market is expected to further propel expansion of this sector. PropTech: The Savior! The growth of PropTech, which is essentially a marriage of property with technology, has led to critical real estate sector issues such as lack of transparency and trust. Adoption of PropTech is echoed across the entire real estate value chain including discovery, transaction, fulfilment, and utilisation. According to a report, more than 75% Buyers use digital channels to search homes, about 50% homebuyers use virtual tours before buying a property, 70% share of sales & marketing budget spent on digital strategies, 44% real estate agents use automated tools for lead generation and customer relationship management. In my view, the Midas Touch of digitisation and technology has significantly changed the face of the real estate industry, impacting the business operations of every stakeholder, including tenants, developers, brokers, and investors. Key categories of PropTech PropTech solutions are making an impact on rentals, distribution business and capital allocation. It impacts key stakeholders of developers, financers, channel partners, buyers, renters and property managers. PropTech 2030 will be a USD 100 billion opportunity emerging from solutioning of challenges and opportunities across these key stakeholders. It will encompass Construction Tech, Sales and marketing, Family rentals, Co-living, Co-working, Home services, Capital allocation and Land. The opportunity for PropTech in rental real estate stands at USD 14 billion which includes family rentals, co-living, co-working, home services and property management. The distribution of real estate will be a USD 23 billion and include sales and marketing, broker aggregation, CRM and lead generation businesses. The opportunity for capital stands at USD 4 billion including fractional ownership, neo reality investments, and loan recommendation services. Emerging Tech Continuing technological advancements have revolutionised and reshaped the nature of real estate operations and interaction with customers. This is reflected in improved transparency, efficiency, and empowerment of buyers and investors. It would be useful to look at the principal benefits of applying some of the solutions: Improved discovery: Digital transformation is facilitating the creation of online real estate marketplaces, connecting buyers, sellers, landlords, and tenants in real-time, making transactions faster, efficient, and location independent. Convenience of online tours: The use of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technology has ushered in the convenience of showcasing properties online for customers who cannot be physically present to view them. These apps not just help buyers take virtual tours of potential real estate from the comfort of homes but are embedded with features that allow for space visualisation and interior designing by overlaying digital information onto physical spaces. Personal real estate assistant at your service: Chatbots, which make use of AI-powered algorithms, further contribute to user convenience and experience by providing prompt responses and facilitating effective property searches. Personalised property recommendations based on customer preferences, budget, and location ensure customers can see properties that align with their specific needs. It is all about making informed decisions: The use of Big Data and predictive analysis offer insights into property values and investment opportunities, thus empowering buyers and investors to make informed decisions. Sustainability is the new black: There is growing public empathy about reducing carbon emissions for a green future, and PropTech fosters sustainability through various tools, which assess property health. Homes and offices are becoming smart with IoT-enabled devices enabling automation, energy efficiency, and security. Ease of managing transactions: Real estate transactions can be quite a tedious and overwhelming experience both for buyers and sellers leading some to become averse to going through the entire process. Blockchain technology streamlines property transactions by providing a secure and transparent platform for recording property ownership, managing contracts, and facilitating peer-to-peer transactions. Improved network: Digital transformation is facilitating the creation of online real estate marketplaces, connecting buyers, sellers, landlords, and tenants in real-time, making transactions faster, efficient, and location independent. Construction technology: These are exciting times for the real estate sector with constructors deploying various tools to raise the efficiency bar of projects. These include drones deployed to monitor construction, 3D Printing, aluminium formwork, and other technologies incorporated. Challenges and Opportunities for Businesses While PropTech holds immense prospects for India, the real estate industry has been found to move at a snail’s pace. If businesses are laggard at present, it largely owes to resistance from stakeholders hesitant to embrace digital innovations. Further, the sensitivity of customer data exposes market players to vulnerabilities, making the presence of robust data privacy and security measures crucial to establish customer trust. The other limitations include the high initial investments required for technology development. The collaboration gap between traditional real estate players and PropTech startups serves to stonewall the growth of PropTech businesses. Under the leadership of Hon' Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, India witnessed major policy push across four key areas, including the digitization of land records and real estate transactions under the Digital India Land Record Modernisation Programme (DILRMP), transparency in real estate transactions under demonetization and Goods and Services Tax implementation , regulation of real estate development and licensing of service providers under RERA (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016), and reforms of the rent control act under the Model Tenancy Act 2021. As a result of this and increased confidence on the Indian leadership, the sector has attracted USD 26.6 billion in foreign institutional inflows between 2017 and 2022. The good thing here is that a foundation has been laid to provide an environment conducive to growth. PropTech’s potential to further maximise its reach in the Indian real estate industry is immense. As technology continues to evolve, real estate technology firms will have greater opportunities to create transparency, efficiency, and customer-centricity in the market to drive the business forward. There is a greater need for industry players to realise that tech adoption is a necessity for growth and not just an option. Indeed, the winds of change are blowing. It’s about time India’s real estate ship, rigidly anchored in old legacies, sets sail towards a dynamic, more innovative, digital future. Embracing the PropTech revolution Considering the evolving real estate landscape, Aurum PropTech has developed an integrated ecosystem with a range of Technology, Services and Capital led solutions that address key industry challenges and opportunities. Through an integrated data strategy Aurum operates technology businesses rental real estate, buy and sell real estate sector and financing of real estate. With the right tools and systems in place, you can collect and track data about your properties and tenants, as well as gain valuable insights on market trends and other external factors that may impact your business. Aurum PropTech’s integrated ecosystem now collectively, boasts of 13+ products and services, 3,40,000 engaged customers, 2,000 crores plus GTV, 520 SaaS customers, 4,300 RaaS customers, 7,500+ channel partners, 600+ real estate developer relationships and a presence in 15 plus cities. The ecosystem is now structured under technology primarily encompassing enterprise tech, services – encompassing consumer tech and capital – focussing on fintech applications for real estate matrixed across the real estate value chain of development, monetization and consumption. For more information, visit www.aurumproptech.in
PropTech Pulse Editorial
14th February 2024
Investment Opportunities
What’s Driving Rental and Coliving Demand in India in 2025?
The size of rental market in India is estimated to be USD 13.9 Bn by 2025. Around 50% of this is attributed to the Gen-Z population, and 30% to the millennial population. Demographic profile of India’s work force, changing behaviour of gen-Z and millennials, rapid urbanisation, digital behaviour and capital allocators preference are the five key factors are driving this increased trend in rental real estate. Demographic profile of the work force Around 52% of the Indian population comprises of Gen-Z and Millennials. In 2023, millennials constituted 70% of the Indian work force have emerged as the backbone of many Indian companies. Indian technology sector workforce comprises of 86% to 90% of Gen-Z and Millennial work force. The innate behavioural traits, real estate requirement patterns, lifestyles and purchasing power are often intrinsic to their nature of real estate consumption patterns. Changing behaviour of gen-Z and millennials. Internet penetration has shaped the consumer across industries including real estate. 50% of Gen Zs and millennials say they live paycheck to paycheck with high cost of living is their top societal concern. Big life decisions like buying a house and starting a family are often postponed to later stage. Ability to maintain a positive work/life balance and not live their life on their own terms, and not necessarily to live up to societal expectations. This has shifted the consumption pattern of with increasing demand for rental real estate. The behavioural pattern of consumers of community and experiential living with a value that meets their pocket has given rise to the Co-Living segment. Rapid urbanisation Industrial growth, rise of services sector has shaped rapid urbanisation. In India, contribution component of urban growth is segmented into three categories according to a study by International Institute for Population Sciences. In India, it is estimated that more than 500 million individuals, i.e. approximately 35% of the population stays in urban areas. As the decade progresses, India will witness addition of 100 million urban dwellers, which will further rise to 60% by 2050. (Ref: Macrotrends, Urban Development Ministry, Govt. of India) It is estimated that 28% of the urban households stay in rental housing. This number shall be higher in mega cities. The demand for rental living, is 5.7 million units across top 30 cities (Tier I, II, II) in the country -comprising of working singles living on rent (migrants and domicile) and unmarried student population. This together adds up to 5.7 million across top 30 cities (Tier I, II and III) in the country. Digital behaviour of consumers: There is a remarkable increase in internet penetration, adoption and consumption across enterprises and consumers in India. 700 Mn internet users across the country, 470 Mn social media users and 350 Mn digital payment users. 80% of digital consumers in India prefer searching and discovering new products online before visiting physical stores or seeking offline. 69% of digital consumers prefer digital communications for customer support and interactions. Convenience, value and trust are key drivers across most internet platforms with Capital allocators preference for real estate supply The sector interest has increased after a funding winter for two straight years. Investments in the sector dropped from USD 148 million in 2021 to USD 21.7 million in 2022 and USD 6 million in 2023. With strong fundamental demand backed by urbanisation, consumer behaviour and digitisation, institutional investors and global funds favour co-living and data centres as an alternative asset class. The understanding of private equity funds is also well defined in international markets where co-living is a mature sector. Recently, Singapore’s CapitaLand Investment announced CLARA II: A $600 Million private equity fund for serviced apartments and co-living properties. Brookfield Asset Management, which has a real estate AUM of USD 690 billion globally is also looking to invest more in the coliving, rental housing and serviced apartment asset class.
PropTech Pulse Editorial
6th March 2024
Investment Opportunities
REITs: What They Are and How to Invest
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) have revolutionized real estate investing around the world, blending liquidity, diversification, and income generation in a way that’s hard to beat. In this blog, we’ll dive into the global REIT landscape and then zoom in on the Indian scene, exploring some exciting trends and data. A Global Overview of REITs REITs started in the U.S. back in the 1960s, making it easier for everyday investors to get in on real estate. They’ve since taken the world by storm, with major markets in the UK, Australia, Japan, and Singapore. Key Global Stats: United States: The largest REIT market with over 200 publicly traded REITs and a market cap exceeding $1.5 trillion as of 2024. Europe: A strong market with countries like France, Germany, and the UK, adding up to a European market cap of around €500 billion. Asia-Pacific: Significant growth here too, with Australia’s REIT market cap around AUD 150 billion and Singapore’s at SGD 100 billion. Globally, REITs cover a range of property types from residential to commercial and industrial, offering investors regular dividends and potential for capital gains. The Rise of REITs in India REIT regulation was introduced in the country by the Securities and Exchange Board of India in 2014. The first REIT was listed in 2019, and ever since, the market has attracted a lot of attention, both from local investors and international players. Current Indian REIT Stats: Performance Highlights: Embassy Office Parks REIT: Has seen a solid 16.8% year-over-year (YoY) price increase. Mindspace Business Parks REIT: Also performed well, with a 7.5% YoY rise. Brookfield India Real Estate Trust: Faced a -6.8% YoY decline. Nexus Select Trust REIT: Stood out with a notable 28.8% increase since its listing. Despite these gains, the REIT market’s capitalization to GDP ratio in India remains relatively modest at just 0.3%. This signals a large opportunity for growth. The office sector, currently occupying just 10.9% of available space in major cities, along with the new retail-focused REIT, offers substantial opportunities for expansion. Emerging Opportunities Warehousing and Logistics: There's growing interest in REITs focused on warehousing, which is crucial given the rise of e-commerce. Hotels and Data Centers: The potential for hotel and data center REITs is on the rise, driven by the growth in tourism and data consumption. Educational Technology: As the education sector evolves, there’s also a potential niche for REITs focusing on educational technology. The recent introduction of Small and Medium REITs (SM REITs) is a game-changer. SM REITs are set to boost market liquidity and transparency, making real estate investments more accessible and attractive to a broader range of investors. Conclusion These small and medium-sized REITs will open a 32.8cr Sq. Ft SM-REIT-able office supply across the country. REITs have already made a big splash globally and are carving out their space in the Indian market. With impressive performance by some REITs and a wealth of untapped opportunities, the future looks bright for real estate investors in India. Whether you're looking at commercial spaces, retail, warehousing, or the latest SM REITs, there’s plenty of room for growth and potential in this exciting sector.
PropTech Pulse Editorial
13th November 2024
Investment Opportunities
Indian PropTech Market: The $100 Billion Real Estate Tech Boom
Like a ship anchored to a familiar port, and hesitant to venture into new waters, India’s real estate sector too has remained fixated on traditional or legacy modes of operations for far too long. It now sits on the cusp of dramatic technological change, thanks to the debilitating impact of COVID-19, accelerated digital adoption and changing consumer behaviour. The global pandemic has cracked open the industry’s pain points, forcing market leaders to step up tech adoption to levels not witnessed before. The transformation in the country’s real estate landscape due to the application of new best practices has not only made businesses unrecognisable from their former avatar but also contributed to building up efficiencies and scale. The stage is therefore set for the overall Indian real estate market to grow to $1 trillion by 2030, from $200 billion in 2021. Amidst the ongoing upheaval, proptech or property technology, a subset of the industry, has emerged. Market reports show that Indian PropTech startup firms garnered more than $3.2 billion in funding across 255 deals between 2009 and 2021, underlining the huge success of the nationwide startup ecosystem initiated in 2015. Not only has there been a rise in the number of PropTech startups – from two in 2016 it has skyrocketed to an impressive 1,400 in 2022 – but substantial funding has been secured for such ventures pointing to growing investor confidence. Customer focus on increasing convenience, smart city initiatives, and the growth of the rental market is expected to further propel expansion of this sector. PropTech: The Savior! The growth of PropTech, which is essentially a marriage of property with technology, has led to critical real estate sector issues such as lack of transparency and trust. Adoption of PropTech is echoed across the entire real estate value chain including discovery, transaction, fulfilment, and utilisation. According to a report, more than 75% Buyers use digital channels to search homes, about 50% homebuyers use virtual tours before buying a property, 70% share of sales & marketing budget spent on digital strategies, 44% real estate agents use automated tools for lead generation and customer relationship management. In my view, the Midas Touch of digitisation and technology has significantly changed the face of the real estate industry, impacting the business operations of every stakeholder, including tenants, developers, brokers, and investors. Key categories of PropTech PropTech solutions are making an impact on rentals, distribution business and capital allocation. It impacts key stakeholders of developers, financers, channel partners, buyers, renters and property managers. PropTech 2030 will be a USD 100 billion opportunity emerging from solutioning of challenges and opportunities across these key stakeholders. It will encompass Construction Tech, Sales and marketing, Family rentals, Co-living, Co-working, Home services, Capital allocation and Land. The opportunity for PropTech in rental real estate stands at USD 14 billion which includes family rentals, co-living, co-working, home services and property management. The distribution of real estate will be a USD 23 billion and include sales and marketing, broker aggregation, CRM and lead generation businesses. The opportunity for capital stands at USD 4 billion including fractional ownership, neo reality investments, and loan recommendation services. Emerging Tech Continuing technological advancements have revolutionised and reshaped the nature of real estate operations and interaction with customers. This is reflected in improved transparency, efficiency, and empowerment of buyers and investors. It would be useful to look at the principal benefits of applying some of the solutions: Improved discovery: Digital transformation is facilitating the creation of online real estate marketplaces, connecting buyers, sellers, landlords, and tenants in real-time, making transactions faster, efficient, and location independent. Convenience of online tours: The use of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technology has ushered in the convenience of showcasing properties online for customers who cannot be physically present to view them. These apps not just help buyers take virtual tours of potential real estate from the comfort of homes but are embedded with features that allow for space visualisation and interior designing by overlaying digital information onto physical spaces. Personal real estate assistant at your service: Chatbots, which make use of AI-powered algorithms, further contribute to user convenience and experience by providing prompt responses and facilitating effective property searches. Personalised property recommendations based on customer preferences, budget, and location ensure customers can see properties that align with their specific needs. It is all about making informed decisions: The use of Big Data and predictive analysis offer insights into property values and investment opportunities, thus empowering buyers and investors to make informed decisions. Sustainability is the new black: There is growing public empathy about reducing carbon emissions for a green future, and PropTech fosters sustainability through various tools, which assess property health. Homes and offices are becoming smart with IoT-enabled devices enabling automation, energy efficiency, and security. Ease of managing transactions: Real estate transactions can be quite a tedious and overwhelming experience both for buyers and sellers leading some to become averse to going through the entire process. Blockchain technology streamlines property transactions by providing a secure and transparent platform for recording property ownership, managing contracts, and facilitating peer-to-peer transactions. Improved network: Digital transformation is facilitating the creation of online real estate marketplaces, connecting buyers, sellers, landlords, and tenants in real-time, making transactions faster, efficient, and location independent. Construction technology: These are exciting times for the real estate sector with constructors deploying various tools to raise the efficiency bar of projects. These include drones deployed to monitor construction, 3D Printing, aluminium formwork, and other technologies incorporated. Challenges and Opportunities for Businesses While PropTech holds immense prospects for India, the real estate industry has been found to move at a snail’s pace. If businesses are laggard at present, it largely owes to resistance from stakeholders hesitant to embrace digital innovations. Further, the sensitivity of customer data exposes market players to vulnerabilities, making the presence of robust data privacy and security measures crucial to establish customer trust. The other limitations include the high initial investments required for technology development. The collaboration gap between traditional real estate players and PropTech startups serves to stonewall the growth of PropTech businesses. Under the leadership of Hon' Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, India witnessed major policy push across four key areas, including the digitization of land records and real estate transactions under the Digital India Land Record Modernisation Programme (DILRMP), transparency in real estate transactions under demonetization and Goods and Services Tax implementation , regulation of real estate development and licensing of service providers under RERA (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016), and reforms of the rent control act under the Model Tenancy Act 2021. As a result of this and increased confidence on the Indian leadership, the sector has attracted USD 26.6 billion in foreign institutional inflows between 2017 and 2022. The good thing here is that a foundation has been laid to provide an environment conducive to growth. PropTech’s potential to further maximise its reach in the Indian real estate industry is immense. As technology continues to evolve, real estate technology firms will have greater opportunities to create transparency, efficiency, and customer-centricity in the market to drive the business forward. There is a greater need for industry players to realise that tech adoption is a necessity for growth and not just an option. Indeed, the winds of change are blowing. It’s about time India’s real estate ship, rigidly anchored in old legacies, sets sail towards a dynamic, more innovative, digital future. Embracing the PropTech revolution Considering the evolving real estate landscape, Aurum PropTech has developed an integrated ecosystem with a range of Technology, Services and Capital led solutions that address key industry challenges and opportunities. Through an integrated data strategy Aurum operates technology businesses rental real estate, buy and sell real estate sector and financing of real estate. With the right tools and systems in place, you can collect and track data about your properties and tenants, as well as gain valuable insights on market trends and other external factors that may impact your business. Aurum PropTech’s integrated ecosystem now collectively, boasts of 13+ products and services, 3,40,000 engaged customers, 2,000 crores plus GTV, 520 SaaS customers, 4,300 RaaS customers, 7,500+ channel partners, 600+ real estate developer relationships and a presence in 15 plus cities. The ecosystem is now structured under technology primarily encompassing enterprise tech, services – encompassing consumer tech and capital – focussing on fintech applications for real estate matrixed across the real estate value chain of development, monetization and consumption. For more information, visit www.aurumproptech.in
PropTech Pulse Editorial
14th February 2024
Investment Opportunities
What’s Driving Rental and Coliving Demand in India in 2025?
The size of rental market in India is estimated to be USD 13.9 Bn by 2025. Around 50% of this is attributed to the Gen-Z population, and 30% to the millennial population. Demographic profile of India’s work force, changing behaviour of gen-Z and millennials, rapid urbanisation, digital behaviour and capital allocators preference are the five key factors are driving this increased trend in rental real estate. Demographic profile of the work force Around 52% of the Indian population comprises of Gen-Z and Millennials. In 2023, millennials constituted 70% of the Indian work force have emerged as the backbone of many Indian companies. Indian technology sector workforce comprises of 86% to 90% of Gen-Z and Millennial work force. The innate behavioural traits, real estate requirement patterns, lifestyles and purchasing power are often intrinsic to their nature of real estate consumption patterns. Changing behaviour of gen-Z and millennials. Internet penetration has shaped the consumer across industries including real estate. 50% of Gen Zs and millennials say they live paycheck to paycheck with high cost of living is their top societal concern. Big life decisions like buying a house and starting a family are often postponed to later stage. Ability to maintain a positive work/life balance and not live their life on their own terms, and not necessarily to live up to societal expectations. This has shifted the consumption pattern of with increasing demand for rental real estate. The behavioural pattern of consumers of community and experiential living with a value that meets their pocket has given rise to the Co-Living segment. Rapid urbanisation Industrial growth, rise of services sector has shaped rapid urbanisation. In India, contribution component of urban growth is segmented into three categories according to a study by International Institute for Population Sciences. In India, it is estimated that more than 500 million individuals, i.e. approximately 35% of the population stays in urban areas. As the decade progresses, India will witness addition of 100 million urban dwellers, which will further rise to 60% by 2050. (Ref: Macrotrends, Urban Development Ministry, Govt. of India) It is estimated that 28% of the urban households stay in rental housing. This number shall be higher in mega cities. The demand for rental living, is 5.7 million units across top 30 cities (Tier I, II, II) in the country -comprising of working singles living on rent (migrants and domicile) and unmarried student population. This together adds up to 5.7 million across top 30 cities (Tier I, II and III) in the country. Digital behaviour of consumers: There is a remarkable increase in internet penetration, adoption and consumption across enterprises and consumers in India. 700 Mn internet users across the country, 470 Mn social media users and 350 Mn digital payment users. 80% of digital consumers in India prefer searching and discovering new products online before visiting physical stores or seeking offline. 69% of digital consumers prefer digital communications for customer support and interactions. Convenience, value and trust are key drivers across most internet platforms with Capital allocators preference for real estate supply The sector interest has increased after a funding winter for two straight years. Investments in the sector dropped from USD 148 million in 2021 to USD 21.7 million in 2022 and USD 6 million in 2023. With strong fundamental demand backed by urbanisation, consumer behaviour and digitisation, institutional investors and global funds favour co-living and data centres as an alternative asset class. The understanding of private equity funds is also well defined in international markets where co-living is a mature sector. Recently, Singapore’s CapitaLand Investment announced CLARA II: A $600 Million private equity fund for serviced apartments and co-living properties. Brookfield Asset Management, which has a real estate AUM of USD 690 billion globally is also looking to invest more in the coliving, rental housing and serviced apartment asset class.
PropTech Pulse Editorial
6th March 2024
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